Membrane bioreactors utilizing hollow fiber membranes have become prominent as a robust technology for various biotechnological applications. These systems provide distinct strengths such as {high{surface area-to-volume ratios, efficient mass transfer, and enhanced cell retention. This article provides a thorough examination of hollow fiber membran

Hollow fiber membrane bioreactors demonstrate a versatile and efficient platform for diverse biotechnological applications. These sophisticated systems leverage the properties of hollow fiber membranes to facilitate efficient mass transfer, cellular growth, and product synthesis. This comprehensive review delves into the basics of hollow fiber memb